Importance of Research Essay Example for Free

Importance of Research EssayJean Piaget is a pioneer whose focus was on childrens cognitive development. He lay the foundation by naming four stages sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. Each stage builds upon the other, coincidental with biological development of the brain. Although some of his theories were deemed inaccurate, they paved the way and gave direction for upcoming psychologists who were able to build upon his work by disproving some of his theories simply to develop their own. scarce as Jean Piaget, some(prenominal) scientists have theorized on many other parts of psychology, but all with general advantages. They provide us with a give out understanding of ourselves, they provide us with a better understanding of others, and they provide us with methods to prevent and/or treat mental illnesses. At times it seems as though we do not know ourselves at all. We question our behaviors and feelings.Psychologically understanding these behaviors helps us to understand that we are probably not alone in our feelings. Also, by having a full understanding of self, psychologically, we can learn how to respond to certain feelings and emotions and how to wean ourselves off of them. In the same way that we can shape up understand ourselves in the study of this field we can apply reverse psychology to understand others. Being able to do so enhances peoples skills and work skills by enabling you to question possibilities and to address them as needed. This opens for more effective communication skills expanding beyond personal life and into the workforce. Lastly, research/experiments in psychology help to treat and prevent mental illnesses. Scientists have discovered biosocial, cognitive, and psychosocial facts that influence mental illnesses.Case studies allow these illnesses to be identified. By knowing what triggers them, scientists can make the general public aware of those that are most influential and can adv ise of help if at all needed. Factors are considered, tested, and named. Research further helps us to recognize early symptoms or onsets. In conclusion, effective research/experiments play a large role in todays society. It helps to influence several work fields such as law enforcement in which psychologists profile criminals to help catch them. In major corporations, psychology is used to screen authorisation candidates or present employees and even as a part of advertising, appealing to consumers wants and needs.Even schools use the influence of psychology to enrich students learning experiences via group assignments or to enhance athletes performances via pep rallies. You see, Psychology is an inevitable part of everyday life. Effective research and experiments help us to better understand our behaviors, thoughts, and emotions enabling us great communication skills and a better well-being.

Parody Through Counter Examples Essay Example for Free

Parody Through Counter Examples EssayCounter examples are used byout this repair, and is a key role in the farce of the play. On both male and female sides of the dynamics in the play the first one is right from the start. the streets are absolutely clogged with frantic females banging on tambourines. No urging for an orgy (727) In the Classical Age of Athens upperclass women assumed the role of a holdwife, where their duties were to every clean up the house or organize the slaves of the house to do it for them. It was unheard of for women to be out in the streets like this period much less at night. The women of Athens formed in concert to plot against the men to bring them home from the war. As the women were gathering to plan against the men, Lysistrata said, Im on fire right down to the bone. Im positively ashamed to be a wo objet darta member of a sex which cant even live up to male slanders To hear our husbands talk, were sly deceitful, invariably plotting, monsters o f intrigue(728) this quotation makes me laugh, because while she is saying this her and multiple women are plotting a way to get back at the men.This quote plays off the stereotype that a woman is always out to make a mans life miserable in everything they do, but this is exactly the thing they are trying to do. While the women are out in the streets they continue to show how ridiculous they are when they are complaining on how much they do for their men. This quote by Kleonike is a prime example, Theyll be here. You fuck a womans way is hard mainly the way out of the house fuss over hubby, wake the maid up, put the baby down, bathe him, lead him (728) Kleonike goes on and on about how much work they have to do, but she mentions that she gets up the maid, which does the work for her. This quote plays of the stereotype that women do a lot of house work, but in the play they have maids so obviously they are not doing too much.Counter examples are a huge part of the parody that is w ithin the play, all of my previous quotes had stereotypes in them, but they all counter themselves. Parodys are still very popular today, for example the movie Space Balls which is a parody of Star Wars. Space Balls makes fun of everything that is taken very seriously in Star Wars, which gives the movie that comedy feel a parody comes with. passim the play, parody is seen in both the men and the women. The stereotype that men are strong and tough is presented towards the beginning of the play at the gates of the treasury. Never been confronted with much(prenominal) backtalk. Cant allow it. Somebody pick up a log and pulverize that brass. (740) Immediately following this the men are easily silence by nothing more than a bunch of women carrying water. These rough and tough men seen in the previous quote were defeated by nothing more than water. Shivering, the refrain OF MEN retreats in utter defeat (742)After the mens defeat they run away to the Commissioner, and he is sent home pac king after several attempts to out man Lysistrata. Gross ineptitude. A sorry day for the Force.(745) This also relates to a parody in our modern day times with our own military. I here concourse complain about so many things our military does and stands for, yet the majority of the people criticizing are too afraid to join the military to begin with. So this manly stereotype applies to modern times as well, men are quick to jump up to fight someone, but do they go by dint of with it nearly of time, no.This quick battle also shows how brutal these Athenian women are, when women of the classical old age were to only be seen not heard. Women were used as trophies most of the time, to be seen only and never heard. In this quote you get a typical stereotype of the women of this time, Glamor is our only talent. All we can do is sit, primped and mixed made up and dressed up, (729). Women were never known to be violent, but in this quick battle with the men and the commissioner we see h ow brutal these women are, INTO THE FRAY examine them no mercy Push Jostle Shove Call them nasty names Dont be lady like(745) In no way, form, or devise are these ladies being lady like in this scene, which is another perfect example of parody runs wild throughout this play making it out to be the comedy it was made to be.All of these counter examples play favor to my leading argument which is the fact that the women in this play use parody the most through abstinence by withholding sex. This is the biggest parody of them all. This play revolves around sex, but the whole goal of the womens tactics is to refrain from it. Its easy to see with my following examples that this play uses parody around every turn. The parody in this play does not come without a type of counter example of a stereotype that is either assumed or given throughout the play. In this time frame, women would have never been allowed to do this. If you can put your mindset in the classical age of Athens its easy t o see how funny and how much parody is actually used.

Reflection on Nursing Communication Scenario

Reflection on Nursing Communication ScenarioINTRODUCTION TO communicating SKILLSCommunication is a vital position of the obtains role. Theorists such as Peplau (1952), Rogers (1970) and King (1971) all emphasise healing(predicate) dialogue as a primary part of nursing and a major focus of nursing practice. Long (1992) further suggests that communication contains m whatsoever comp atomic number 53nts including presence, listening, perception, caring, disclosure, acceptance, empathy, au whenceticity and respect. Stuart and Sundeen (1991, p.127) warn that while communication so-and-so accelerate the development of a therapeutic affinity it can likewise create barriers amid clients and colleagues.Within Healthc ar, communication may be described as a transitional process that is dynamic and constantly changing (Hargie, Saunders and Dickenson, 1994, p.329). It primarily involves communication between the nurse and the enduring. If the interaction is to be meaningful, in do worka tion should be exchanged this involves the nurse adopting a computer programmened, holistic shape up which eventually forms the basis of a therapeutic relationship.Fielding and Llewelyn (1987) contend that poor communication is the primary cause of complaints by patients. This is support by Young (1995) who reports that wizard third of complaints to the Health Service Commissi singler were related to communication with nursing staff. Studies by Boore (1979) and Devine and Cook (1983) demonstrate that good communication very assisted the rate of patient recovery thus reducing hospital admission times. This suggests that good communication skills are cost effective.In this assignment, I do reflected on places that be lay down taken place during my clinical work have a go at it. These daubs have helped to develop and utilise my neighborly skills, helping to maintain therapeutic relationships with patients. In this instance, I have apply Gibbs (1988) reflective cycle as the framework for my reprehension.Gibbs (1988) reflective cycle consists of six stages in nursing practice and discipline from the escorts.Description of the situation that arose.Conclusion of what else would I could have done.Action plan is there so I can prepare if the situation rises again.Analysis of the feelingEvaluation of the experienceAnalysis to make sense of the experienceMy Reflective CycleBaird and Winter (2005) illustrate the importance of reflective practice. They advance that reflecting will help to generate acquaintance and professional practice, increase ones ability to adapt to new situations, develop self esteem and greater job satisfaction. However, Siviter (2004) apologises that reflection is about gaining self confidence, targeting ways to improve, learning from ones own mistakes and behaviour, looking at other peoples positionings, being self aware and making future improvements by learning from the past. I have come to benefit that it is important for m e to improve and build therapeutic relationships with my patients by helping to afford a rapport through trust and mutual guessing, creating the special link between patient and nurse as described by Harkreader and Hogan (2004). Peplau (1952), cited in Harkreader and Hogan (2004), notes that good contact in therapeutic relationships builds trust as well as increase the patients self esteem, often leading to the patients personal growth. Ruesh (1961), cited in Arnold and Boggs (2007), states that the purpose of therapeutic communication is to improve the patients ability to function. Therefore, in order to establish a therapeutic nurse/patient interaction, a nurse must possess certain qualities e.g. caring, sincerity, empathy and trus twainrthiness (Kathol, 2003) (P.33). These qualities can be expressed by promoting effective communication and relationships by the implementation of interpersonal skills. Johnson (2008) defines interpersonal skills as the ability to communicate effe ctively. Chitty and Black (2007, p 218) mention that communication is the exchange of information, thoughts and ideas via simultaneous verbal and non verbal communication. They explain that while verbal communication relies on the talkn word, non-verbal communication is just as important, consisting of gestures, postures, facial expressions, plus the tone and level of volume of ones voice. Thus, my reflection in this assignment is based on the development of therapeutic relationships between the nurse and patient using interpersonal skills.My reflection is about a particular patient, to whom, in order to maintain patient information confidentiality (NMC, 2004), I will refer to as Mr R. It concerns an event which took place when I was working on a operative ward. Whilst there were male and female wards, female and male surgical patients were sanctiond mingle. On this particular day, I noticed that one of the male patients was sitting only if on his bed. This was Mr R., a 64 year o ld gentleman who had been diagnosed with inoperable cancer of the pancreas, with a life expectancy of 18-24 calendar months. He was unable to control his pain, and whilst more or less temperance could be provided by chemotherapy, Mr R. had a good extrapolateing of his condition and knew that there was no cure available. He was unable to walk by himself and forever claimed assistance even to stand up or sit dash off. Because of his mobility riddles I offered to get him his cup of tea and I then sat with him as he was lonely.I would now like to discuss the feelings and thoughts I experienced at the time. Before I gave Mr R. his cup of tea, I approached him in a complaisant manner and introduced myself I tried to establish a good rapport with him because I wanted him to feel comfortable with me even though I was not a family member or relative. When I first asked Mr R. if I could get him a cup of tea, he looked at me and replied I have asked the girl for a cup of tea, I dont know where she is. I answered Well, I will see where she is and if I cant find her, I will gladly get one for you Mr R. In doing this, I demonstrated emphatic listening. According to Wold (2004, p 13), emphatic listening is about the willingness to conceive the other person, not just judging by appearance. Then I touched MrR.s shoulders, kept talking and raised my tone a little because I was unsure of his reaction. At the same time, I employ body language to communicate the action of drinking. I paused and repeated my actions, but this time I used some simple words which I though Mr R. would get a line. Mr R. looked at me and nodded his head. As I was giving him his cup of tea, I maintained eye contact as I didnt want him to feel shy or embarrassed.Fortunately, using body language helped me to communicate with this gentleman. At the time I was worried that he would be unable to understand me since English is not my first language but I was able to communicate effectively with him by verbal and non-verbal delegacy, using appropriate gestures and facial expressions. Body language and facial expressions are referred to as a non-verbal communication (Funnell et al. 2005 p.443). I kept thinking that I requiremented to improve my English in order for him to better understand and see to it my actions. I thought of the language barrier that could break verbal communication. Castledine (2002, p.923) mentions that the language barrier arises when individuals come from different social backgrounds or use slang or colloquial phrases in conversation. Luckily, when dealing with Mr R. the particular gestures and facial expressions I used helped him to understand that I was offering him assistance. The eye contact I maintained helped guide my willingness to help him it gave him reassurance and encouraged him to place his confidence in me. This is supported by Caris-Verhallen et al (1999) who mention that bring eye contact expresses a sense of sideline in the other pe rson and provides another form of communication. In my dealings with Mr R., I tried to communicate in the best and appropriate way executable in order to make him feel comfortable as a result he placed his trust in me and was more co-operative.EvaluationIn evaluating my actions, I feel that I behaved correctly since my actions gave Mr R. both the assistance he needed and provided him with some company. I was able to successfully develop the nurse-patient relationship. Although McCabe (2004, p-44) would describe this as task centred communication one of the key components missing in communication by nurses I feel that the situation involved both good patient and task centred communication. I feel that I treated Mr R. with empathy because he was unable to perform certain tasks himself due to his mobility problems and was now refusing chemotherapy. It was my duty to make sure he was comfortable and felt up supported and reassured. My involvement in the nurse-patient relationship wa s not restricted to task centred communication but included a patient centred approach using basic techniques to provide warmth and empathy toward the patient.I found that I was able to improve my non-verbal communication skills in my dealings with Mr R. When he first mentioned having chemotherapy, he volunteered very little information, thus demonstrating the role of non-verbal communication. Caris-Verhallen et al (1999, p.809) state that the role of non-verbal communication becomes important when communicating with elderly people with incurable cancer (Hollman et al 2005, p.31)There are a number of effective ways to maximise communication with people, for example, by trying to gain the persons attention before speaking this makes one more visible(a) and helps to prevent the person from feeling intimidated or under any kind of pressure the use of sensitive touch can also make them feel more comfortable. I feel that the interaction with Mr R. had been beneficial to me in that it helped me to learn how to adapt my communication skills both verbally and non-verbally. I used body language to its full effect since the language barrier made verbal communication with Mr.R. difficult. I used simple sentences that Mr R. could easily understand in order to encourage his participation. Wold (2004, p.76) mention that gestures are a specific type of non-verbal communication intended to express ideas they are useful for people who have limited verbal communication skills.I also used facial expressions to help encourage him to have chemotherapy treatment which might not cure his problem but would break off him some relief and make him feel healthier. Facial expressions are the most expressive means of non-verbal communication but are also limited to certain cultural and age barriers (Wold 2004 p.76). My facial expressions were intended to encourage Mr R. to reconsider his decision with regard to chemotherapy treatment. Whilst I could not go into all the detail about hi s treatment, I was able to advise him to complete his treatment in order to alleviate his symptoms.AnalysisIn order to analyse the situation, I aim to evaluate the important communication skills that enabled me to provide the best level of nursing care for Mr R. My dealings with Mr R. involved interpersonal communication i.e. communication between two people (Funnell et al 2005, p-438).I realised that non-verbal communication did help me considerably in providing Mr R. with appropriate nursing care even though he could only understand a few of the words I was speaking. I did notice that one of the problems that occurred with this style of communication was the language barrier but despite this I keep by using appropriate communication techniques to aid the conversation. Although it was quite difficult at first, the use of non verbal communication skills helped encourage him to speak and also allowed him to understand me.The situation showed me that Mr R. was able to respond when I asked him the question without me having to wait for an answer he was unable to give. Funnell et al (2005, p 438) point out that communication occurs when a person responds to the message received and assigns a meaning to it. Mr R. had indicated his agreement by nodding his head. Delaune and Ladner (2002, P-191) explain that this channel is one of the key components of communication techniques and processes, being used as a medium to send out messages. In addition Mr R. also gave me feedback by showing that he was able to understand the messages being conveyed by my body language, facial expression and eye contact. The channels of communication I used can therefore be classed as both visual and auditory. Delaune and Ladner (2002 p.191) state that feedback occurs when the transmitter receives information after the receiver reacts to the message, however Chitty and Black (2007, p.218) define feedback as a response to a message. In this particular situation, I was the sender who conv eyed the message to Mr R. and Mr R. was the receiver who agreed to talk about his chemotherapy treatment and allowed me to assist. Consequently I feel that my dealings with Mr R. involved the 5 key components of communication outlined by Delaune and Ladner (2002, p.191) i.e. senders, message, channel, receiver and feedback.Reflecting on this event allowed me to search how communication skills play a key role in the nurse and patient relationship in the delivery of patient-focussed care. Whilst I was trying to assist Mr R. when he was attempting to walk, I realised that he needed time to adapt to the changes in his activities of daily living. I was also considering ways of successful and effective communication to ensure a good nursing outcome. I concluded that it was vital to establish a rapport with Mr R. to encourage him to participate in the exchange both verbally and non-verbally. This might then give him the confidence to communicate effectively with the other staff nurses th is might afterward prevent him from being neglected due to his age or his inability to understand the information given to him about his treatment and the benefits of that treatment.I have crop out an action plan of clinical practice for future reference. If there were patients who needed help with feeding or with other procedures, I would ensure that I was well prepared to deal patients who werent able to communicate properly. This is because, as a nurse, it is my role to ensure that patients are provided with the best possible care. To achieve this, I need to be able to communicate effectively with patients in different situations and with patients who have differing needs. I need to communicate effectively as it is important to know what patients need most during there stay on the ward under my supervision. Whilst I have a lot of experience in this field of practice, communication carcass a fundamental part of the nursing process which needs to be developed in nurse-patient re lationships. Wood (2006, p.13) states that communication is the key to unlock the foundation of relationships. salutary communication is essential if one is to get to know a patients individual health status (Walsh, 2005, p.30). Active learning can also help to identify the existence of barriers to communication when interacting with patients. Active learning means listening without making judgements I always try to listen to patients opinions or complaints since this gives me the opportunity to see the patients perspective (Arnold, 2007, p.201). On the other hand, it is crucial to avoid the barriers that occur in communication with the patients and be able to detect language barriers. This can be done by questioning patients about their health and by ask them if they need help in their daily activities. I set about overcoming such barriers by asking open-ended questions and interrupting when necessary to seek additional facts (Funnell et al, 2005, p.453).Walsh (2005, p.31) also p oints out that stereotyping and making assumptions about patients, by making judgements on first impressions and a lack of awareness of communication skills are the main barriers to good communication. I must not judge patients by making assumptions on my first impression but should go out of my way to make the patient feel valued as an individual. I should respect each patients fundamental values, beliefs, culture, and individual means of communication (Heath, 300, p.27). I should be able to know how to establish a rapport with each patient. Cellini (1998, p.49) suggests a number of ways in which this can be achieved, including making oneself visible to the patient, anticipating patients needs, being reliable, listening effectively all these factors will give me guidelines to improve my communication skills. Another important factor to include in my action plan is the need to take into account any disabilities patients may have such as poor hearing, visual impairment or mental dis ability. This could help give the patient some control and allow them to make the best use of body language.Once I know that a patient has some form of disability, I will be able to prepare a course of action in advance, deciding on the most appropriate and effective means of communication. Heath (2000, p.28) mentions that communicating with patients who have an impairment requires a particular and certain type of skill and consideration. Nazarko (2004, p.9) suggests that one should not repeat oneself if the patient is unable to understand but rather try to rephrase what one is reading in terms they can understand e.g. try speaking a little more slowly when communicating with disabled people or the hard of hearing. Hearing problems are the most common disability amongst adults due to the ageing process (Schofield. 2002, p.21).In summary, my action plan will show how to establish a good rapport with the patient, by recognising what affects the patients ability to communicate well an d how to avoid barriers to effective communication in the future.ConclusionIn conclusion, I have outlined the reasons behind my choosing Gibbs (1988) reflective cycle as the framework of my reflection and have discussed the importance of reflection in nursing practice. I feel I have discussed each stage of the cycle, outlining my ability to develop therapeutic relationship by using interpersonal skills in my dealings with one particular patient. I feel that most parts of the reflective cycle (Gibbs 1988) can be applied to the situation on which I have reflected. Without the model of structured reflection I do not feel I would have had the confidence to consider the situation in any depth (Graham cited in Johns 1997 a, p.91-92) and I fear reflection would have been remained at a descriptive level. I have been able to apply the situation to theory as Boud Keogh Walker (1985, p.19) explain that reflection in the context of learning is a generic term for those intellectual and effectiv e activities whereby individuals engage to explore their experiences in order to lead to a better understanding and appreciation. Boyd Fales (1983, p.100) agree with this and state that reflective learning is the process of internally examining and exploring an issue of concern, trigged by an experience that creates and clarifies meaning in terms of self and which results in a changed conceptual perspective. However, I personally believe that the reflective process is merely based on each individuals own personality and beliefs as well as their attitude and approach to the life.AppendixMr R., a 64 year old gentleman, was an inpatient on a surgical ward. Earlier that day his consultant had directly informed him that he had inoperable cancer of the pancreas with a life expectancy of 18-24 months. Some relief might be offered by chemotherapy, but there was no cure. Mr R. was understandably shocked, but had suspected the diagnosis. At that time he remained in the care of the specializ er nurse. Later in the day, as I was passing through the ward, I notice Mr. R. alone on his bed.PrescriptiveA prescriptive hindrance seeks to direct the behaviour of the client, usually behaviour that is outside the client-practitioner relationship. My first intervention was to open the conversation and demonstrate warmth. I provided information myself and gave Mr R. the choice of staying on his own or engaging with me. By shaking Mr R.s hands I was attempting to provide reassurance and support as well as communicating warmth in order to quash his anxiety and promote an effective nurse-patient relationship.practician Hello Mr. R, I am one of the nurses here thismorning with Dr. M. Is there anything I can get you or would you rather be on your own? (Shook hands).Mr. R NO, I remember you from this morning, come and sit down. Ive asked the girl for a cup of tea, I dont know where shes got to. practitioner Well give me a minute and Ill bring you one in. Do you take sugar?Mr. R I suppo se I shouldnt, then why worry. Two please.Practitioner (Returning with a cup of tea) Here we are, dont blame me if its horrible, I got it from the trolley. (I smiled at Mr.R. and tried to establish eye contact, then sat down in the chair next to him).Mr. R Thanks, thats just what I need.2. InformativeAn informative intervention seeks to impart knowledge, information and meaning to the patient. My intention was to reinforce the nurse-patient relationship by smiling and attempting to establish eye contact as well as using facial expressions to put the patient at ease and establish a good rapport. By making Mr. R a cup of tea it created a pleasant response in a time of crisis.Practitioner Jane ( specializer nurse) was here this morning, what did you think about what she had to say?Mr. R Oh yes she was very nice, mind you Im an old hand at this, I looked after my wife when she had cancer.Mr. R She was pierce with cancer, but we kept her at home and looked after her. She could make a cr acking cup of tea (Mr.R. smiles)Practitioner (smiles and nods) When did she pass away?3. ConfrontingA confronting intervention seeks to raise the clients consciousness about limiting behaviour or attitudes of which they are relatively unaware. By meeting the patients needs at that time I felt the urge to continue to show a display of warmth and develop the relationship further.Mr. R It will be two years next month that she died.Practitioner You must miss her.Mr. R Theres not a day goes by that I dont talk to her. Goodness knows what she would make of all this, its brought it all back.4. psychotherapeuticA cathartic intervention seeks to enable the client to discharge/react to a painful emotion primarily grief, fear and/or anger. Mr. R spoke emotively and angrily by using such words as riddled and cancer. He spoke loudly and angrily with congruent non-verbal cues.Practitioner Has what youve been discussing with Jane reminded you of your wifes death?Mr. R Yes, (patient covers his fa ce with his hands).Practitioner What is it about what youve heard that is worrying you, do you think you can tell me?5. CatalyticA catalytic intervention seeks to elicit self-discovery, self direct living, learning and problem solving in the client. Mr. R had a broad scope in which to discuss any concerns he may have had, but his response only concerned his wife, not him as his wife was the one who suffered from cancer.Mr. R (Pause) ..Im an old hand at this and I dont want any of that chemo.Practitioner What is it about the chemotherapy you dont like?Mr. R My wife had it and we went through hell.Practitioner You went through hellMr. R The doctors made her have the chemo and she still died in agony.6. collateralA supportive intervention seeks to affirm worth and value of the clients person, qualities, attitudes and actions. It is done to encourage the client to say more and to explore the issue further. Support is provided by non-verbal means like giving warmth, supportive posture a nd maintaining eye contact. I wanted to convince Mr. R that I was interested in what he had to say and help him believe that he was worth listening to that his opinions really mattered.Practitioner Do you think the same thing will happen to you?Mr. R Yes, thats the one thing Im worried about.Practitioner em, if Im honest with you chemotherapy treatment is not a subject I know a lot about. (Pause), would you like to see the specialist nurse again? She can go over things with you and explain your options.Mr. R Well if she doesnt mind, Im just not sure the chemo will be worth it. erudition outcomesFrom this experience, I have learned the importance of-Practice in accordance with the NMC (2004) code of professional conduct, performance, when caring for adult patients including confidentially, informed consent, accountability, patient advocacy and a safe environment.Demonstrating fair and anti-discriminatory behaviour, acknowledging differences in the beliefs, phantasmal and cultural p ractices of individuals.Understanding the rationale for undertaking and documenting, a comprehensive, systematic and accurate nursing assessment of physical, psychological, social and spiritual needs.Interpreting assessment data to prioritise interventions in evidence based plan of care.Discussing factors that will influence the effective working relationships between health and social care teams.Demonstrating the ability to critically reflect upon practice.

Omissions In A Ticket Issuing System

Omissions In A Ticket Issuing SystemThe just the shred issuing trunk does non offer m any(prenominal) of the services to facilitate the grease ones palms of tickets. A moment of ambiguities and omissions keep been found from the given scenario.The scenario given is not clear enough and looks like quite uncertain about the instructions to obtain a ticket. Even the contributement procedures do not offer the user to choose the type of honorarium.The ambiguities and omissions found in the scenario are as followsThe system does not lease customers buy more than one ticket for the same ending at a time. It must prompt the user if the ticket can be grease ones palmsd one at a time. Customer is more likely to in stage in redress destinations and the system should allow user to cancel a request and purchase another ticket.after having input the destination the system will ask the customer to pay and would ask about which type of requital the user prefers. In this case, the syst em does not indicate as to how to respond if an invalid card is input. It must be able to respond and prompt the user if they try to put their card before selecting a destination.Do the customer need to press the start button if they wish to buy another ticket to a contrary destination. Or it allows customers with the pickaxe of selecting other destinations between the stations where the machine is located.Ticket system is going to allow customers to input their destination through a bear on screen or keyboard. The existing system does not allow the user to view the ticket prices. It is vital to publish the ticket prices accordingly, as customers need to manage the hail that they will be charged. It does not show the train departure and arrival times, and whether the customer wishes to buy ticket for a specialized train. It must allow customers to choose their seats.Finally, the system should prompt customer to print the receipt which includes the destination details and payme nt type. A receipt should take away been issued to state whether the purchase has been do success full phase of the moony.In the first paragraph, the system does not check for validation, such as when the user inserts their card, and the rigor needs to be suss out as to whether the payment could be made form that particular card.According to the second paragraph, when the user clicks on the start button, a menu of potential destinations pop up on the screen, on with a message asking the user to select a destination. Once a destination has been selected, users are prompted to input their credit card. However, the credit cards validity is checked and if the card is good, then user has ed to input a personal identifier as requested by the machine. The ticket is issued when the credit cards feat has been validated successfully.In the second paragraph, the ticket system prompts the user with potential destinations whereas it could have depictd with popular destinations. In such te rminals popular destinations are normally displayed to attend the user to select his destination quickly. Usually an Underground or an Over ground cover any destinations which can be reached by interchanging and taking number of trains therefore the user should be able to purchase ticket in order to reach any destination. It could have also provided the user with a choice to search from a list of A-Z of stations. As mentioned before that there should be two types of payment methods The validation procedure involves both validating the card as to whether the card is still valid in terms of not cancelled by the issuer due to fraud lost/stolen reasons. The second type of validity is the fleur-de-lis validity. If both validations are successful then the issuer must authorise the payment in order to purchase the ticket.2. Solutions identifiedTo gain a clear and stop understanding of the scenario, a more structured approach has been scripted as followsUser walks to a ticket machine and presses any button to activate a menu which displays a list of popular destinations accompanied by a message to select a destination. User can select their destination if listed in the popular destination otherwise they can choose to search for their destination from a list of stations in the A-Z of stations.As user finds their desired destination they then can choose to have their preferred type of ticket, this can be such as first/ normal class ticket and/or return/single ticket.Once the destination and the type of ticket is selected the ticket machine prompts the user to make payment. There are two types of payments can be made, likely by card or cash.If the customer chooses to pay by cash, and it can be inserted into the machine in the form of notes or coins. If the exact amount is paid the ticket will be issued, if more than required is paid then the change will be given along with the ticket. If the customer chooses to pay by card as requested by the system, user can insert t he card into the terminal. As the card is being inserted the validity of that card is checked with the issuer. Once the card is validated the user is then required to check the amount and enter the PIN in the terminal. The PIN is validated locally and upon correct entry of the PIN the ticket is issued along with the receipt and the cardholders account is charged accordingly with the correct amount.The aim of writing a structured approach gives a more clear understanding of the scenario and shows the events happen as a sequence.3. User unavoidablenesss definitionsThe User Requirement Specification specifies the requirements of the user taking the individual aspects into consideration in terms of the facility, equipment, and systems in terms of function, throughput, operability, and applicable standards, which are the functions to be carried out, the data on which the system will operate, and the operating environment.The user requirements for a system should name the functional an d non functional requirements so that they are understandable by system users without any adept knowledge.When we write the user requirement we should not write with technical forms, table or diagrams. We should write in simple language with simple table, forms and diagrams.4. System Requirements SpecificationsSystem requirements specification assist potential users to determine if the system specify meets their needs or how the system must be modified to meet their needs. The system requirements aid to consider all of the requirements before design begin. Careful reviews of the requirements kick downstairs omissions, misunderstanding and inconsistencies. System requirements specification should be correct, unambiguous, complete, consistent, verifiable, modifiable, and traceable, specify performance, and define detailed functionality of the system.A specification can be in form of a written document, a set of graphical model, a titular mathematical model, and a collection of us age scenarios, prototype, or any combination of these. However, a standard pathfinder should be developed and use for a specification, arguing that this leads to requirements that are presented in a consistent and therefore more understandable manner.The requirement engineer gives last work product produced which is known as specification. It acts as the foundation for subsequent software engineering activities. It describes all the related functions and the performance of a computer base system and the constrains that will govern its development.In the given scenario, we would consider all the omissions and ambiguities.First of all, the system did not provide all the functionality which usually a ticket issuing system should contain. It does not function as it should and does not provide the user with any choice such as to cancel a ticket and buy another one. At times, there are new users who wish to purchase rail ticket from the machine and this system does not guide and provid e any kind of help.Function Issuing TicketDescription Issuing the ticket when the user select their desired tickets and make the correctmoneyInputs Destination, sister or Adult, Pay by card or cashOutput Their desired ticket to be issued with their payment receiptRequire Money, form of paymentPre- Condition Ticket will be validating between the user current place and the selected destination, otherwise user will have to pay the penalty fare.5. Actions performed in the ticket-issuing system6. Non-functional requirementsThe non functional requirements define system properties and constrains for an example reliability, response time and storage requirement. Constraints are I/O device capability, system representation, extra. mental process requirement may also be specified mandating a particular CASE system, programming language. This non functional requirement may be more fine than function requirements. If these are not met the system is useless and the non functional requirement can be classified as three type of requirement6.1 crossway requirement these requirement specify that the delivered product must behave in a particular way for example execution speed, and reliabilityThe user larboard for Library system shall be implemented as simple HTML without frames or Java applets6.2. Organisational requirements which are a moment of organisational policies and procedures example for these, process standard used, implementation requirementsThe system development process and deliverables defined in XYZCo-SP-Stan-956.3. External requirements these could be from factors which are external to the system and its development process example interoperability requirements, legislative requirements.The system shall not disclose any personal information about customer apart from their name and reference number to the operator of the systemAfter we discussed with all above mentioned Non-functional requirements, therefore we considered the product requirements shoul d be determined for especially this scenario which include reliability and response time and should be contrasted with functional requirements that specify specific behavior or functions. And the product requirements have some additional attributes which areEfficiency Enable the system to perform under disparate situation or circumstanceReliability This could be very useful for ATM or ticket issuing systemUsability This would help the user to access the system without any trouble or inconveniencePerformance This is almost relevant to reliability and check the system is able to work or not in the different environmentSpace Requirement This part of product requirement is very useful for the ticket issuing system when the system is busy or full occupied with user needs. So there it is need to be expanded or stabilized number of machine at the station8. Requirements Validation exercise requirements validation is an integral part of software engineering. The main activity is to che ck requirements needed and available to start any particular project. As a consequence of requirements engineering however, the work products produced need to undergo an assessement for quality during a validation sequence. The purpose of requirements validation is to examine the specification to ensure that all software requirements have been stated unambiguously, such as consistencies, omissions, and error detected and corrected and that work products conform to the standards established for the process, the project and the productThe primary requirements validation mechanism is the formal technical review. The review team that validates requirements includes software engineers, customers, user and others stakeholders who examine the specification looking for errors in content or interception, area may be illuminance required. The process of requirements needs to check for consistency and completeness. During this process errors and inconsistencies will be identified and reduces future error.Basically the system should have requirement validation checklist which would help to the system to identify the accurate information whichAre requirement started clearly and Can they be misinterpreted?Is the source of the requirement identified e.g. a person, a regulation, or a document and the final stamen been examined by the primary source?Is the requirement bounded by any quantities terms?What other requirements match to this requirement?Does the requirement violate any system domain?Properties of requirements validation are as follows Validity Consistency CompletenessIn order to validate the ticket issuing system requirements all the above properties of the requirements validation must be met. And when the user pay by card the system should validate whether it is valid for making the particular payment and validate the pin no which has accepted or not therefore the validation must work out with final product it could be ticket or receipt10. The impact on cash paym entAfter having input the payment type which is cash, in this instance the customer may not have the exact amount to make the payment. If the user is making payment with a note, the machine should prompt the customer to take his change. However, the machine could also have displayed the amount to be charged and change to be given to the customer.

Ethicals Dilemma Of A Working Mother Social Work Essay

Ethicals Dilemma Of A operative M other Social Work testINTRODUCTIONIn ein truth sphere of assume it is proved that woman is raiseting in hand in hand with man. Therefore if man whole shebang to earn money, women nominate manage three c arers at a time i.e. earn money, delegate work at crustal plate, and at the office as well. How attractively a work woman juggles these three roles and unflustered is not complaining. Working Mothers, How Much on the job(p) -2009One could define a running(a) overprotect as a women with a ability to combine a career with the added responsibility of raising a shaverJayita, Murali-2009,p.64 All the educated workings(a) fuck offs work because they tend to sine qua non a financial freedom while balancing a professional career. Working mothers, How much Working- 2009The ascending numbers of working mothers are seen in the last few decades. two the partners have to work clean because to maintain the financial stance of the house. Acc ording to the 2003 US census bureau states that fifty percent professionals are the women workers. It is nearly 90% of the women are out of the house for the work delegates. All the women are blessed with miscellaneous professional skills, if not professional then with the business skills. Though afterwards facing assorted dilemmas in work place i person onlyy feel that women are quite capable of facing the various(a) ch all toldenges which occur in in that respect ways. According to the 2000 US census states that single parent is no longer left behind in this race.www.working mothers .comI have chosen this moorage study because i am a professional woman where i tend to impudence various difficulties. How hard it is to manage some(prenominal) the delegates i.e. delegates at home and delegates at our work place. It is besides to ponder on those aspects where women are going out of ways to manage these various delegates. Also to look at the assorted dilemmas women is facing while managing these dual career responsibilities.CONTEXT/ HistoryIn olden days all the women were aware of their boundaries and limitations. They rendered at that place whole span of their life for the care of their families, by dwelling in the four walls of the house. Later on a sudden thrust evolved into business sector and public affairs, which made them wrench their backs towards thrive families. Those pioneering days are no much .The tie of Gordian has broken down and the feminine dilemma is over.The last two decades has proven that the advanced time to integrate into their dual career management at home and at the work place has arisen. In the present century the kind status of women is trapped low different profound differences. First is the entry into the different hitherto masculine placements. The second is the endeavor of an increasing number of women who jointly quietus the family and affair. Womens two role-1956, reprint-2001RIGHTS OF CHILD, RIGHTS OF WOMEN/ L EGISLATIONRIGHTS OF CHILDRENTheir various rights which are bestowed upon tikeren due to U N convention. Children are protect by four P according to the sister tax shelter act. Four p are listed below.1. PROVISION 2.PREVENTION 3.PROTECTION 4.PARTICIPATION.In the provision of rights, child is supposed to be provided with the basic necessity of food, shelter, and genteelness .In the prevention of rights child should be protected from abuse given privacy and has the rights of legal representation. In the protection of rights child is supposed to be protected from sexual abuse, empower to be protected during war times, conflicts and during the natural disaster causing bad effect on the child. Under the last participation child right act it says that child is entitled in decision making, has voice for his own opinion, and has his own freedom of conscience.According to the UN convention for childrens right they say that,Children should not be ignored, but heard for the fall apart learning and welfare of the child. All the courts must understand the grief and suffering the child must be undergoing and must have regards for their wishes. Children were heard and given comforter form the courts. Advocacy groups were formed in order to provide help to the children in decision making. A very big BRATS CHARTER is formed where a child can divorce his parent if the child is not happy or dont want to carry on with their parents. Children has right of quality of life where the child has right to choose his own parents either.UNCRN ACT- 1WOMENS MATERNITY LEAVE EQUALITY PAY ACT 2010All the women are given and supported with some of their womens rights. What so ever may be the worked out tenure women is entitled for the one year maternity leave form her office with wide-eyed paid leave. This is use only to those who are about to go on the maternity leave from April 2007. They also have increased maternity and ad plectron pay period from 26 weeks to 39 weeks. Law has a lso benefited women by scrapping old rule of work experience of six months to be entitled for the 26 weeks maternity leave. News-2007According to the equivalence act 2010 it states that when a woman is working with shoulder to shoulder with a man, then she is entitled for the same amount of benefits in terms of pay and other benefits. The act claims that gender equality has to be included into the contractual terms, considering women not less than a man. Woman should not be discriminated on the basis of her char on the contrary she should be looked upon with sense of figure of equality. Equal pay the equality act 2010The old 1970 equal pay act has replaced few frank changes. The various changes which include men and women performing their duties towards their profession should be considered and rated at the same take, and should also be provided with equal standards of salaries for the work generated out of them. Every women is allowed to check crossways her equal share of pay and the bonus given to her. Equal pay act- 2010WHAT IS ETHICSIt is hard to define ethics, but somehow to understand ethics, ethics can be defined as what is correct and incorrect, lesson and immoral. Generally ethical behavior is accepted in the society where the behavior is considered with the moral codes. According to the mental lexicon ethics means The study of standards of conduct and moral judgment and moral philosophyYoungdictionary.comMan has invariably worked hard to understand amongst correct and incorrect and between ethics and legality. As per dictionary again ethics can be defined as The study of the general nature of morals and of the specific moral choices to be made by the individualistics in his relationship with others Insightempire.com, p.1Ethics deals with the study concerned with usually what is morally correct and incorrect. This study is also applied to each theory of moral deeds. Very often ethics refers to how one should live his life? Should he only aim at gathering knowledge or at happiness? If we happen to select happiness, should that happiness be meant only for ourselves or for the whole of the family? Should we live in opulence, should we break laws? What are our obligations when we are sustentation with other human beings on this mother planet, and what examples we are setting for other generation? Ethics are surrounded with all the moral questions form all the corners of life. The main focus of the ethics covers the fundamental crisis of empirical decisions, which includes the practical costs and the levels by which human behavior can be justified. Ethics by Peter Singh a couple of(prenominal) working mothers work just because they are qualified and dont want to find themselves to be hanged around only with the domestic work. The main motive was to get industrious was to give a good standard life to the family from different angles.How working mothers manage-1970All women are responding towards the pressure of inflationary economy, to achieve lavishly level of education for their children and for self-satisfaction. But working mothers can manage both i.e childcare and home delegates. Pediatrics vol 56 no-1975ATTACHMENT THEORY- BOWLBYAccording to the Bowlbys theory, he ponders over the fact that early childhood is always in straight contact with mothers, or sometimes it is hardly very few steps away from the mother. Mother always tries to keep her child close to her chest i.e. under her feathers. But as soon as the child tends to grow old the closeness and the bonds tends to become lighter, the child seems to get gnarled with more worldly activities, but when time comes to rest at the night they prefer nobody else and they tend to search for their mothers. This attachment clearly speaks that how mother and Childs adhere is inbuilt bonding. Bowlby stresses on the facts that early age is the age where both child and the mother are very attached to each other and also very much strongly involved for each others feelings and togetherness.Cyc-net.orgMAIN PARTICIPANTSIn my case study i have involved various participants who face various dilemmas in connection with the working mothers while she is managing her dual careers.My first participant whom i would consider is the child. Sufficient evidences has proved that home delegate has a clear bear on for women own life and family organization, but both are seems to be important for childrens upbringing.Journal-Maternal education and early child care-2009As an educated mother she can and supposed to be giving home achieving activities for her children, taking her child to brain storming events and cover their children in different learning ways , but the dilemma is that due to engaged schedule she is unable to give enough time , where the child is neglected of his rights and face the dilemma.journal maternal education and early child care-2009It is true that children of working mothers are quite quick in all aspects of life .It is a lso true that children are more capable and strong towards the ups and downs in their life. Children face dilemmas when they are offensive during the holidays when mothers are at work, their right to protection is overlooked and the child is under the dilemma.How working mothers manage-1970At early years of stages babies are considered to be going under stress of separation from their mothers when they are about to leave for their work. The dilemma faced by children to manage this rhythm of separation is very stressful.Managing two careers-1989Children of solitary parents face advanced rate of emotional dilemmas, because mother is working for the bread butter and is unable to give sufficient and required time for her children.How working mothers manage-1970It is also considered that due to working parents specially the mother lack of care and supervision children are found in high number of school dropouts, drug abuse and insubstantial delinquency.Working mothers, how much work ing-2009Also one of the important dilemma children face during their mothers are out for work are the invigilation of the various child-minders. If the child shifts from one minder to other, child has to get accustomed to all the various child-minders habits and discipline. Such circumstances confuse the child, to what exactly he or she has to adopt.According to the Lawree Tilton-Weaver-normal behavior controls guides and protects children to master over self-discipline and curtails the problems like disobeying parents, consuming alcohols. Drug abuse and robbery. She states that psychological management over children with more personal feelings breaks out into severe depression and anxiety. For instance if we choose their friends and wearable which turns to be interference with their decision makings, which ultimately falls into damaging there personal feelings. Which means that we are not caring for their personal feelings? Just when working mothers tends to lay down few regulati ons which children do not accept, and thus the dilemma occurs saying that interference with the feelings of children and adds as a negative impact on the minds of the children towards there working mothers. Workingmothers .comThough various research bodies are working with the protection of the childcare and there progress- it is openly accepted that childrens education and there personal development can only develop childs confidence and peer relationships. However it is very difficult for those children who are under neglected or poor childcare. Provisions of childcare for working mothers in wales. co.ukMy second participant is the mother herself. Generally mothers symmetry their identity around mothering and employment. Mothers foremost interest is always care giving to children and family, by dint of there paid employment which upholds the financial status of her house.I am so much more myself coming back to work-2008According to Vincent and Ball the need to construct a morall y adequate account of oneself, as mothers require of all classes to present their prioritization of their children needI am so much more myself coming back to work-2006, p.72Though full time working plays a vital role for upliftment of financial status of the house managing two careers-1999, 2003All the working mothers accepted that limited financial freedom will be stressful when staying with children at home. While socializing with other children, children behavior happens to be more worried. Although children of age 6 and 11 years need most attention, but unfortunately mothers find it stressful to commit and dedicate sufficient time for children specially when their children are affected with serious disabilities.Influence on mothers employment when children have disabilities-2007Every woman who is a mother can be called as working mother. But those who are with professional career deal with more challenges in balancing there career and family. It is a very difficult and pressuri zed task, where mother at the end finds that she is left with no time and no social togetherness in society. Few working mothers are quite and sound who are blessed with good encouraging and supportive male partner who gives her the strength to balance her dual career. The dilemma is observed in big ratio that very less percent co-operative male partners are matched. If the children are not co-operative again the working mothers are into big dilemma towards the childcare and upbringing of the child. Working mothers .comMoreover working mothers are worried when child care factors occur. When no home support is provided by in-laws or other relatives to shoulder the children freight. Childcare providers are the last option where the working mother seeks help from. According to Lynne Hill, a policy director for children in wales says that there may not be sufficient options for parents to keep their children with the childcare providers. She says that it is a high task for mothers to balance her work and safety of her child. It matters more with the children with disabilities, where mothers are more specific with the choosing of the childcare options. If she fails to get the opted option she tends to face the dilemma for her child. Though job centers are providing with more jobs to women, but due to various dilemmas working mother are unable to reach the oriented professional goals. Wales online.co.ukThe working mothers activity plays a vital role both during the stages of prenatal and postpartum development of the child. At times working mothers has to place her child into the orphanage facility which strongly hampers the childs growth and the future destiny. S.B.Khatskel- 2006The is dilemma is that though working women balances both work and home delegates, but still she is not counted as a bread winner or given equal status by the society. She is shouldering the holy burden of the house, but is left unrewarded forever.My third participants would be the emplo yer. As the growing economy tend to need the man power to control the workforce. Women with high pace of education are entering in to the market. Though all the working mothers are supported with the legislation they are finding it difficult to get the jobs. Most of the working mothers are out of job because the dilemmas most employers are facing. Most of the employers avoid child bearing women due to the implementation of the maternity leaves. tight 63% employers take these maternity laws as a serious threat to their industries. Many other employers face difficulties to hire mothers on work due to various variation occurring into the support of the working mothers.Maternity laws hurting women job prospects, News-2007My fourth participant would be Single Parent. All the working mothers undergo various difficulties. But when we enounce and observe a single parent she has double difficulties. She has double difficulties that of emotional and financial balance of the home, for being the bread winner of the house. Single parents families are always under indefinite security, because they cannot predict about the future of their employment. More attention is required as you go at higher level and managerial level ultimately the dilemma is less hours are dedicated towards the children. The biggest dilemma of the single parent is that every working mothers get holiday but an unsupported working mother is hanged on with day today difficulties throughout her life.How working mothers manage-1970Single parents find it difficult at times to choose an low-priced childcare option at the proper time and at the right place, this is more effective to single parenting because of lack of support from there life partners, which is stated by- Kate research officer. in particular when mothers have to work for more hours to get more financial support for her family. It becomes more difficult when mothers get low wages to provide a good childcare for her child. Walesonline.co.ukT he financial conditions of single parent and their children depends upon the group of support structure. Various structures which support the single parents are friends, neighbour, and communities. This shows a crystal clear picture that lone parents can very rarely be financially free. Histarically mothers were not accepted to be working. Nurturing children and also to become the breadwinner for the family is observed to be a drastic burden for the single parents, and disadvantages to their children. Randy Albelda ,Susan Himmelweit -2004My fifth participant would be the Husband. The important factor for the working mother would be the right and supporting husband. She may be linked with high position and status or a perfect employer, but if there is no positive signal from her husband towards her working, then she is sure of taking her marital relationship into risk. It is quite sure that it is the husband not the children who sacrifices most when mothers are working. Though cultu rally saying he understands that women place is inside the house. But still various dilemmas occur into the mind of husband stating that he was deprived of something which he actually expected out of marriage. His dilemma is marriage is not solemnized just for interest group of having sex or reproduction of children, and their after looking after them alternatively. Both the partners should have sufficient and class time for each other especially the working mother who is unable to give time for her husband due to busy schedule time.How working mothers manage-1970INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONThis international comparison is done just to support my case study. In Asian countries especially in India it is always observed that whether it is a joint family or a neutral family working mother are always supported by their in laws and all the other nonworking members of the family. Support such as childcare, mothers health care, sometimes even the home delegates are fully taken care of. When w e compare Britain with India there is a huge difference that of support to the working mother. In India working mothers are given all round support to perform her dual career managements. Grandparents take the place of all the nannies as a privilege to look after their grandchildren.Working mothers How much working, and where is the woomanhood-2009SUGGESTIONSThe youthful womanhood is epitomized by the professional mothers. The working mothers need to be supported by the modern work providers and the employers, transforming its look from male dominance to gender neutrality. The atomic family and the joint family unit both need to understand the need and the support a working mother is expecting out. There should be good quality and affordable childcare, where mothers are at peace at their work place.CONCLUSIONTo sum up it is quite easy to be a woman, mother, and an achiever. Many have achieved it through the back up of society, but many have fought through out there life to prove i t. In todays competitive world it is the necessity for the mothers to be working, like their partners to support all angles of their house. As we are living in the advanced world, and still undergoing the male dominating society, should not acknowledge that working mothers are bad mothers. On the contrary should always support and consider working mothers as good mothers. While serving as a mother and also managing her flourishing professional career gives a credit to the working mothers as a sign of completeness of being a woman.The various dilemmas a working mother undergoes are lack of time, and a feeling of guilt for getting deprived of her parenting duties. Many rewards are showered on her, rewards such as personal status, improved economy, and up liftment of family standards .Women work when their spouse is incompetent, or earns inadequate money for the family. A second income adds as an a source of extra income which uplifts the standards and releases the stressful life of th e whole family. Working mother should always keep reminding to her family members that she is not working for her leisure, but only and only for the betterment of her family. However it is quite possible for a mother to crusade for her right to get her professional right in many different ways. A general person will accept her hard work by saying oh She earns extra money, but women is never recognized for her hard work which she renders for the whole family.To achieve all the rewards, compromising balance is required at individual level and at work place, which helps the working mothers to satisfy the two careers of her life i.e. a professional career and the motherhood balance.

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No matter how fast you can finish or pronounce a book, how fast can you read it with a given time? Think ab place this, each person has a different speed at how fast they can read out loud or speak and how their brain processes it, still how will the rate they read at change once theyre given a gyp amount, such as one minute to read an excerpt. Most importantly is how accurate will their reading be. The Brain and Its FunctionThe brain is a intricate system that houses the controls to your body ranging from your reaction, emotion, speech or language, development, memory, body functions, and much more. Its created of a jelly like fat and protein weighing in about trinity pounds. Its the bodys biggest organ and consists of over one hundred billion nerves that not only put together thoughts and highly merged physical actions, but regulate our unconscious body processes, such as digestion and breathing (http//science.nationalgeographic.com). The largest part of the brain is called the cerebrum, which accounts for eighty-five percent or the organs weight, the distinctive outer surface of the brain is the cerebral cortex. The cerebrum is split into two halves, or hemispheres, and it is further divided into four regions, or lobes, in each hemisphere (http//science.nationalgeographic.com). The cerebrum frontal lobe, located behind the forehead, is responsible for speech, thought, learning, emotion, and movement behind the frontal lobes theres the parietal lobes that processes sensitive information such as temperature, touch, and painful sensation at the rear of the brain theres the occipital lobes that deals with your vision, and then theres the temporal lobes, near the temples, which control your hearing and memory (http//science.nationalgeog... ...s aphasia theres the Wernickes aphasia is when you ask a person a question and they respond with a sentence that is more or less grammatical, but contains words that have little to do with the questions or, for th e matter, with each other. People with this type of aphasia have difficulty naming things, often then responding with words that sound similar, or names of related thing, its as if they are having an absolutely hard time with their mental dictionaries. (http//webspace.ship.edu). Language and Speech The way language works, then, is that each persons brain contains a lexicon of words and the concepts they stand for (a mental dictionary) and a set of rules that combine the words that convey relationships among concepts (a mental grammar) (Pinker 85). Language uses grammar which is a separate combinational system that has two important consequences

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Angelica CienegaProfessor R. DickersonENG 232-102417 November, 2013Textual AnalysisFor Leo Tolstoys character Ivan Ilych, death is an end to an empty life. It is non until after he gets a vague diagnosis of disease that he realizes his mortality. In this epiphany, he realizes that his relationships with his family, friends, and colleagues are all artificial, if not at least superficial. Because of this, he becomes depressed and wonders whether he really lived his live the right way. Ilych always treated his relationships in a very formal expressive style and, when he died, his so-called friends barely managed to pay their respects. Through Ilych, Tolstoy shows that life is not simply a play or a business deal. Tolstoys history sends a warning to his readers that if they do not have genuineness or passion or individuality in their lives, then they will not lie with a truly fulfilling life.In chapter two the readers first learns the story of Ilychs early life. Ilych is described a s a man who had always been drawn to mess of high status in society, so that is the type of life he pursued for himself. He was the second and most amicable of three brothers, a fair play school graduate, and was the most successful in earning the good favor of the people he met. The people he tried hardest to make the good favor of were alone of good position, not truly good people, and the things he did to earn their favor, made him feel disgusted with himself when he did them (Tolstoy 746). Tolstoy goes on to tell that it does not bother Ilych in addition deeply because once he realized that the people didnt think those disgusting things were wrong, he was able to forget them entirely or not be at all troubled at remembering them (747). Not only was ... ...lych endures the final days of his life, he spends his time reflecting on his actions and relationships with people. He realizes that the headache for his outward life was the flaw of his inward personality. He spent all of his time trying to make his life seem successful, which he accomplished in the eyes of the shallow high-society people. Unfortunately though, he sacrificed his personal needs and ruined his relationships in the process. Or rather, he did not build any true relationships to ruin, ripe hung on to empty ones that led to resentment and sorrow. Tolstoys story of Ilychs life warns readers that their opinion of themselves is more important than a rotten opinion of anyone elses, cartwheel and romance are important in marriage, that friendships are not won in competition, and that children will be any better than their parents if they are not taught to be.